The Effects of Child Care on Development - 1883 Words

THE EFFECTS OF CHILD CARE 1 A variety of changes in the world have demanded an increase in the need for child care. Some of theses changes include migration, poverty, and urbanization. These economic and societal changes are forcing more and more woman into the workforce. Among these are young women and mothers. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s there was a major increase in the need for child care. In March of 1970, 26% of mothers with children under the age of 2 were working outside the home. By the same month in 1984 that number had reached 46.8 %( U.S. Dept of Labor 1984.) Now a days that number is even higher and according to the 2006 census, the number of preschoolers under the age of 5 living with employed mothers reached 11,207. The†¦show more content†¦Between these two studies researchers found that children with secure attachments had negative impacts where as insecurely attached infants seemed to benefit from it. This proved that day care may provide a consistent stable environme nt where the children are able to experience missing their parents and look forward to them returning. Generally speaking there have been no true facts or data proving that day care attendance has a negative impact on the emotional development of children or the bond with their mother. While there are studies with findings that contradicts this statement, Belsky and Steinburg(1978) state, â€Å"many of the results cannot be generalized and have several limitations.† While this research has found links between child care and security issues, it also found that the links decrease over time and are usually completely gone by kindergarten or first grade. (Egeland and Heister1995.) Parents are not solely concerned about the emotional impacts, but the cognitive and social impacts as well. Social development can be described as, â€Å"the ways in which THE EFFECTS OF CHILD CARE 5 Individuals’ social interactions and expectations change across the lifespan† while cognitive development â€Å"involves the processes of learning problem solving, reasoning, imagining, and perceiving.† (Gerrig and Zimbardo 2002.)Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Day Care On The Development Of A Child1592 Words   |  7 PagesIn this assignment I will be discussing the different effects day care can have towards the development of a child. I will be discussing Bowlby’s maternal depravation hypothesis and Ainsworth’s theory of attachment and also the effects of attachment type and maternal deprivation or deprivation on later behaviour and relationships. A day care is daytime care for people who cannot be fully independent, such as children or elderly people. Day care takes place outside the home by someone other than closeRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Child Care on Child Development Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesThe Negative Effects of Child Care on Child Development Dxx Wxxxxxxxx Anthropology 101 Mr. Bxx Lxxxxx September 5, 2010 Is child care having a negative effect on the development of children in the United States? Studies show that there are indeed negative psychological and developmental effects on children. Scientists in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are coming to the same conclusion. It is best for a child to be cared for at home. Over the past five to six decadesRead MoreLev Vygotsky s Theory Of Cultural Development Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching and publishing literary works, and finally turning his attention to fundamental questions of human development and learning, where he made his biggest impact in the psychological field. Vygotsky proposed a general genetic law of cultural development in which cognitive function occurs on two planes: first on the social (between individuals), followed by the individual (internalized by the child) (Bjorklund, 2005). For a number of years, his theory mainly gained attention in Russia and Eastern EuropeRead MoreNon-Parental Child Care963 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Non-parental Child Care Non-Parental Child Care: In the initial years of the introduction of non-parental child care, the major question or concern regarding this practice was whether it was helpful or harmful to children. As the practice has developed since its inception, non-parental child care has become a fact of life in the modern society. This has resulted in the change to the initial question as the main concern of the practice in todays society is on the suitable ecological model of child careRead MoreNon Parental Child Care966 Words   |  4 PagesNon Parental Child Care Non parental Child Care, and the Influences It has on Development Amara Washington SOC312 Nancy Russell July 9, 2012 Non Parental Child Care and the Influence it has on Development In today’s society more and more women are working outside of the homes and are not able to take care of the children on a full time bases. When the parents are unable to tend to their children, they have to seek help from an outside source. Years ago, it was natural for the motherRead MoreThe Effects Of Home Environment On Children1468 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of child daycare has been debated endlessly. It has become hard to determine how it may aid in the development of a child’s cognition or if it hurts it instead. This is partly because of the wide variety of types of child care and the opportunities that are given to young children. Fortunately, measures have been created to help standardize what a daycare does and how it is run. In this paper, several studies are assessed and the criteria that daycares are held to are evaluated. The effect of homeRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreChild Care and Education Cache Level 2766 Words   |  3 PagesD1: The expected stage of social development at the age of 4 years old is that children would be with other children, playing with and they start to understand the differences in people and their needs and so are able to get jealous and express anger whilst talking as well as physically and knows how to be creative. D2: The expected stage of social development for age 5 years old is that children will start to understand that having friends is good and they like to play more than being alone. TheyRead MoreThe Positive Effect of High Quality Childcare on Childrens Cognitive Development1452 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive development is defined as the growth and change in a person’s ability to perform mental tasks including thinking, understanding and reasoning (California Department of Education, 2014). Cognitive development is a process involving a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors (Feinstein, 2003, as cited in Wong, Edwards, 2013). There are multiple factors that occur in early childhood including breastfeeding, parental intelligence and obstetric complications that haveRead MoreEffects of Daycare on Children1301 Words   |  6 Pagesof a child’s life it’s crucial that the child gets the care and attention they need. For children to receive the best care and attention it’s best they stay home with their parents because it’s more influential on their development. However, in order to make a living parents need to re-enter the work force which then leaves them with the decision of which care would be best. This being said, most parents are left with the only option of sending their child to daycare. Being that the parents are left

Economic Inequality between Countries Essay - 1565 Words

Inequality can be traced as far back as possible. It can also be described as disparity. This disparity can be in terms of income, wealth, class etc. Economic inequality can be described as the disparity between income of individuals or household within and outside a country. When â€Å"income inequality† is mentioned, most people think about it in a within the country context, but in a world that is becoming more integrated, economic inequality between countries is becoming more relevant. In a world where other people’s income and wealth affect our perception of life, one might ask the question, â€Å"is economic inequality the biggest issue of our time†. The history of economic inequalities between countries can be traced back to the 18th†¦show more content†¦3). The decline of global economic inequality between 1998 and 2008 is the first since 1760 according to World Bank. As shown in â€Å"figure 2†, the bottom two-thirds of world population received 12.7 percent of world income in 2008 as against 9.3 percent in 1998. But the stagnation or decline in real income of the global upper middle class, and big gains realized by the top 1%, reverse the position of the Lorenz curves for the last one-fifth of the distribution. Here, the top 1% in 2008 receives almost 15 percent of global income vs. 11 ½ twenty years earlier (Milanovic, 2012, p. 3). An example of the effect of the decline in equality between 1988 and 2008 is that of china where a person with a median income is richer than only 10% of the world population as of 1988 but that had changed in 2008, a median income earner in china is now richer than one-half of w orld population. Above are the information (Lorenz curve, Gini index and decline in global inequality between 1988 and 2008) that makes up the history of economic inequality between countries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_curve FIGURE 1 http://www.ub.edu/histeco/pdf/milanovic.pdf FIGURE 2 (Milanovic, 2011, p. 16) Lots of activities has been happening since the onset of inequalities between countries. This has leads us to the current situations which are, firstly, effect of locationShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Income And Assets Inequality Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Income and assets inequality is a significate issue in economy. Throughout human history capital and assets will likely continue to accumulate and become more concentrated, as a result that an greater level of inequality might be witness. Piketty ( 2014 ) found that the rate of GDP growth is lower than return on capital. This Piketty s famous rg inequality shows that assets tend to accumulate faster than the rate of economic growth in capitalist societies which means capital distributionRead MoreGlobalization Has Severely Reduced The Barriers That Exist Between Countries1624 Words   |  7 Pagesseverely reduced the barriers that exist between countries. As a result, countries can share a variety of ideas and information which has greatly increased innovation and the capabilities of business. However, globalization has created an economic divide between countries and facilitated inequality throughout the globe. Global inequality refers to the disparity in wealth between countries, w hich creates an array of problems for low income countries; global inequality can be perceived from a World SystemsRead More ¬an Inevitable Consequence of Economic Growth Is Increasing Inequality1241 Words   |  5 PagesAn inevitable consequence of economic growth is increasing inequality. Do you agree or disagree with the assertion? In the world we live in today, it is quite obvious to see that inequality is a growing consequence of economic growth. In this essay I will discuss how inequality affects states and the individuals living in the state. There are increased demands for educated workers; dependence of technology; privatization of markets; and the rise of capitalism which have led people to have drasticRead MoreThe Effect of Income Inequality on Economic Growth1341 Words   |  5 Pagesbillion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation. And while the richest 1% of the population owns about 46% of global wealth($110 trillion), the bottom 50% of the population barely owns $1.7 trillion (some 0.7% of the worlds wealth), about the same as the worlds 85 richest people. (http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats) So, if somebody wonders why did I choose the subject of inequality the previous lines are exactlyRead MoreA Theoretical Review Of Global Stratification913 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal stratification is defined as social inequality throughout the world. It is an unequal distribution of wealth and poverty, of resources and opportunities. Global stratification is much greater than social stratification in the United States or in any single nation and continues to increase. The poorest people in the United States have a much higher quality of life than most other people in the world. As a result of this global inequality, countries are classified into three categories, high-incomeRead MoreThe Context Of Growing Economic Interdependence1672 Words   |  7 Pagesthe context of growing economic interdependence (globalisation); inequality is both growing within and between nations. In turn, analysing the following the following statement that â€Å"Inequality can undermine economic, social and perhaps even political stability. It can tear the very fabric that holds society together. We now have firm evidence that a severely skewed income distribution harms the pace and sustainability of growth over the longer term. The growing gap between the rich and poor is nowRead MoreGlobalization758 Words   |  4 Pagespoorer? Globalization is taken as facilitator of international trade and economic growth. There might be various parameters for the measurement of the connection between globalization, international trade and economic growth that is derived from the mobility of investment, human capital to communication and transportation that fosters interdependency and other forms of economically beneficial and social relationship between countries. In economy each nation sets policy to manage its resources to maximizeRead MoreThe Problem Of Extreme Poverty1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last 10 years, the end of extreme poverty has been a top priority in the inequality equation. A report by the World Economic Forum s Global Risk states that inequality in 2013 is a big global risk. The world should immediately put in place objectives that abolish extreme inequality around the globe. The net income of 2012 from the 100 richest billionaires was $240 billion, which could end extreme poverty 4 times over. Having so much money and power in such few hands, causes depressed demandRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Social Consciousness Of The Late 20th Century Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesassert, when developed countries enter global markets, economic inequality is significantly diminished. However, according to Hogan (2012), the ability of developing nations to compete with developed ones is severely reduced in a globalized m arket due to inequality of skills. Pologeorgis (2010) also mentions that free trade has increased production and labor costs. Considering these divisive outcomes, does globalization help or hinder wealth creation in developing countries? This paper will argueRead MoreImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe scholarship examining the extent at which trade liberalization (henceforth refers to as economic globalization) impacts poverty levels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeria’s national rural poverty

The Return Midnight Chapter 8 Free Essays

Damon nodded thoughtful y, glancing back and forth between the fighting stave and the pil owcase in his hand. Hadn’t he suspected something like this for a long time? Subconsciously? After al , there had been that attack on the grandfather, which had failed to either kil him or to erase his memory completely. Damon’s imagination could fil in the rest: her parents seeing no reason to blight their tiny daughter’s life with this gruesome business – a whole new change of scenery – and then giving up the practice in the provincial, protected little town of Fel ‘s Church. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If they had only known. Oh, doubtless they had made sure that Meredith had had self-defense and various martial arts training since she was a child, while swearing her to absolute secrecy – even from her best friends. Wel , now, Damon thought. The first of Shinichi’s riddles was already solved. â€Å"One of you has a lifetime secret kept from everyone.† I always knew there was something about this girl†¦and this is it. I’d bet my life that she’s a black belt. There had been a long silence. Now Damon broke it. Your ancestors were hunters too? he asked, as if she were telepathic. He waited a moment – stil silence. Okay – no telepathy. That was good. He nodded at the magnificent stave. â€Å"That was certainly made for a lord or lady.† Meredith wasn’t stupid. She spoke without glancing away from his eyes. She was ready, at any instant, to go into kil ing mode. â€Å"We’re just ordinary folk, trying to get a job done so innocent humans wil be safer.† â€Å"By kil ing the odd vampire or two.† â€Å"Wel , so far in recorded history saying ‘Naughty, naughty, Mama spank’has failed to convert a single vampire to vegetarianism.† Damon had to laugh. â€Å"Pity you weren’t born early enough to convert Stefan. He could have been your grand triumph.† â€Å"You think that’s funny. But we do have converts.† â€Å"Yes. People wil say anything while you’re holding a pointed stick at them.† â€Å"People who feel that it’s wrong to Influence other people into believing they’re getting something for nothing.† â€Å"That’s it! Meredith! Let me Influence you!† This time it was Meredith who laughed. â€Å"No, I’m serious! When I’m a vampire again, let me Influence you not to be so much afraid of a bite. I swear I won’t take more than a teaspoon. But that would give me time to show you – â€Å" â€Å"A nice big house of candy that never existed? A relative who died ten years ago and who would have abhorred the thought of you taking my memory of her and using it as a lure? A dream of ending world hunger that doesn’t put food into one mouth?† This girl, thought Damon, is dangerous. It’s like a Counter-Influence that they’ve taught to their members. Wanting her to see that vampires, or ex-vampires, or Once and Future Vampires had some good qualities – like courage – he let go of the pil owcase and grasped the end of the fighting stave with both hands. Meredith raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Did I not just recently tel you that a number of those spikes you’ve just driven into your flesh are poisonous? Or were you not listening?† She had automatical y grabbed the stave as wel , above the dangerous zone. â€Å"You told me,†he said inscrutably – he hoped. â€Å"I particularly said ‘poisonous to humans as wel as to werewolves and other things’ – recal it?† â€Å"You told me that, too. But I’d rather die than live as a human, so: Let the games begin.†And with that, Damon began to push the two-headed stave toward Meredith’s heart. She immediately clamped down on the stave as wel , pushing it back toward him. But he had three advantages, as they both soon realized. He was slightly tal er and more strongly muscled even than lithe, athletic Meredith; he had a longer reach than hers; and he had taken up a much more aggressive position. Even though he could feel poisoned little spikes biting into his palms, he thrust forward and up until the kil ing point was once again near her heart. Meredith pushed back with an amazing amount of strength and then suddenly, somehow, they were even again. Damon glanced up to see how that had happened, and saw, to his shock, that she also had grasped the stave in the kil ing zone. Now her hands were dripping blood onto the floor just as his were. â€Å"Meredith!† â€Å"What? I take my job seriously.† Despite her gambit, he was stronger. Inch by inch, he forced his torn palms to hang on, his arms to exert pressure. And inch by inch she was forced backward, refusing to quit – until there was no more room to back up. And there they stood, the entire length of the stave between them, and the refrigerator flat against Meredith’s back. Al Damon could think of was Elena. If he somehow survived this – and Meredith did not – then what would those malachite eyes say to him? How would he live with what they said? And then, with infuriating timing, like a chess player knocking over her own king, Meredith let go of the spear, conceding Damon’s superior strength. After which, seeming to have no fear of turning her back on him, she took a jar ful of salve from a kitchen cupboard, scooped out a dol op of the contents, and motioned for Damon to hold out his hands. He frowned. He’d never heard of a poison that got into the blood that could be cured by external measures. â€Å"I didn’t put real poison in the human needles,†she said calmly. â€Å"But your palms wil be torn and this is an excel ent remedy. It’s ancient, passed down for generations.† â€Å"How kind of you to share,† – at his most sharply ironic. â€Å"And now what are we going to do? Start al over again?†he added as Meredith calmly began to rub salve into her own hands. â€Å"No. Hunter-slayers have a code, you know. You won the sphere. I assume you’re planning to do what Sage seems to have done. Open the Gate to the Dark Dimension.† â€Å"Open the Gate to the Dark Dimensions,†he corrected. â€Å"Probably I should have mentioned – there’s more than one. But al I want is to become a vampire again. And we can talk as we go, since I see we’re both wearing our cat burglar costumes.† Meredith was dressed much as he was, in black jeans and a lightweight black sweater. With her long shining dark hair she looked unexpectedly beautiful. Damon, who had considered running her through with the stave, just as his obligation to vampire-kind, now found himself wavering. If she gave him no trouble on his way to the Gate, he would let her go, he decided. He was feeling magnanimous – for the first time he had faced down and conquered the fearsome Meredith, and besides, she had a code as he did. He felt a sort of kinship with her. With ironic gal antry, he waved her on before him, retaining possession of the pil owcase and the fighting stave himself. As Damon quietly shut the front door he saw that dawn was about to break. Perfect timing. The stave caught the first rays of light. â€Å"I have a question for you,†he said to Meredith’s long, silky dark hair. â€Å"You said that you didn’t find this gorgeous stave until after Klaus – that wicked Old One – was dead. But if you’re from a hunter-slayer family you might have been more help in getting him dispatched. Like mentioning that only white ash could kil him.† â€Å"It was because my parents didn’t actively pursue the family business – they didn’t know. They were both from hunter families, of course – you have to be, to keep it out of the tabloids and – â€Å" † – police files – â€Å" â€Å"Do you want me to talk, or can you do your stand-up routine alone?† â€Å"Point taken† – hefting the extremely pointed stave. â€Å"I’l listen.† â€Å"But even though they chose not to be active, they knew that a vampire or werewolf might decide to pick on their daughter if they found out her identity. So during school, I took ‘harpsichord lessons’and ‘riding lessons’one day a week each – have done since I was three. I’m a Black Belt Shihan, and a Taekwondo Saseung. I might start Dragon Kung Fu – â€Å" â€Å"Point taken once more. But then how exactly did you find that gorgeous kil ing stick?† â€Å"After Klaus was dead, while Stefan was babysitting Elena, suddenly Grandpa started talking – just single words – but it made me go look in our attic. I found this.† â€Å"So you really don’t know how to use it?† â€Å"I’d just started practicing when Shinichi turned up. But, no, I don’t real y have a clue. I’m pretty good with a bo staff, though, so I just use it like that.† â€Å"You didn’t use it like a bo staff on me.† â€Å"I was hoping to persuade you, not kil you. I couldn’t think of how to explain to Elena that I’d broken al your bones.† Damon kept himself from laughing – barely. â€Å"So how did a couple of inactive hunter-slayers end up moving to a town on top of a few hundred crossing ley lines?† â€Å"I’m guessing they didn’t know what a line of natural Power was. And Fel ‘s Church looked smal and peaceful – back then.† They found the Gateway just as Damon had seen it before, a neat rectangular piece sliced out of the earth, about five feet deep. â€Å"Now sit down there,†he adjured Meredith, putting her on the opposite corner from where he lay the stave. â€Å"Have you given a thought – even the briefest – as to what wil happen to Misao if you pour out all the liquid in there?† â€Å"Actual y, not one. Not one microsecond’s worth,†Damon said cheerful y. â€Å"Why? Do you think she would for me?† Meredith sighed. â€Å"No. That’s the problem with both of you.† â€Å"She’s certainly your problem at the moment, although I may stop by sometime after the town’s destroyed to have a little tte--tte with her brother about the concept of keeping an oath.† â€Å"After you’ve gotten strong enough to beat him.† â€Å"Well, why don’t you do something? It’s your town they’ve devastated, after al ,†Damon said. â€Å"Children attacking themselves and each other, and now adults attacking children – â€Å" â€Å"They’re either scared to death or possessed by those malach the foxes are stil spreading everywhere – â€Å" â€Å"Yes, and so fear and paranoia keep spreading too. Fel ‘s Church may be little by the standards of other genocides they’ve caused, but it’s an important place because it’s sitting on top – â€Å" â€Å"Of al those ley lines ful of magical power – yes, yes, I know. But don’t you care at al ? About us? Their future plans for us? Doesn’t any of it matter to you?†Meredith demanded. Damon thought of the stil , smal figure in the first-floor bedroom and felt a sick qualm. â€Å"I told you already,†he snapped. â€Å"I’m coming back for a talk with Shinichi.† After which, careful y, he began to pour liquid from the uncorked star bal at one corner of the rectangle. Now that he was actual y at the Gate, he realized he had no idea what he should do. The proper procedure might be to jump in and pour out the star bal ‘s entire liquid in the middle. But four corners seemed to dictate four different places to pour, and he was sticking to that. He expected Meredith to try to foul things up somehow. Make a run for the house. Make some noise, at least. Attack him from behind now that he had dropped the stave. But apparently her code of honor forbade this. Strange girl, he thought. But I’l leave her the stave, since it real y belongs to her family, and, anyway, it’s going to get me kil ed the instant I land in the Dark Dimension. A slave carrying a weapon – especial y a weapon like that – won’t have a chance. Judiciously, he poured out almost al of the liquid left into the final corner and stepped back to see what would happen. SSSS-bah! White! Blazing white light. That was al his eyes or his mind could take in at first. And then, with a rush of triumph he thought: I’ve done it! The Gateway is open! â€Å"The center of the upper Dark Dimension, please,†he said politely to the blazing hole. â€Å"A secluded al ey would probably be the best, if you don’t mind.†And then he jumped into the hole. Except that he didn’t. Just as he was starting to bend his knees, something hit him from the right. â€Å"Meredith! I thought – â€Å" But it wasn’t Meredith. It was Bonnie. â€Å"You tricked me! You can’t go in there!†She was sobbing and screaming. â€Å"Yes, I can! Now let go of me – before it disappears!†He tried to pry her off, while his mind whirled uselessly. He’d left this girl – what? – an hour or so ago, so deeply asleep that she had looked dead. Just how much could that little body take? â€Å"No! They’l kil you! And Elena wil kil me! But I’l get kil ed first because I’l stil be here!† Awake, and actual y capable of putting together puzzles. â€Å"Human, I told you to let go,†he snarled. He bared his teeth at her, which only caused her to bury her head in his jacket and cling on koala-bear style, wrapping both her legs around one of his. A couple of real y hard slaps should dislodge her, he thought. He lifted his hand. How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 8, Essay examples

Integrating Elements of Marketing Mix †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Integrating Elements of Marketing Mix. Answer: Introduction: The study about the analysis of the impact of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction on Nike is important to know about the changes in the marketing mix approaches and. In the current scenario, the marketing mix (7ps) is having the influence of online activities and improvement in the level of competition that affecting the business process. The research will identify the factors and issues that have the direct or indirect impact on the customer satisfaction through marketing mix functions (Armstrong and et al., 2015). The analysis of customer perception and impact of the marketing mix activities will be beneficial to Nike to make corrective decisions to improve the awareness and interaction with existing and potential customers. To identify impact of marketing mix To analyze factors of customer satisfaction To develop strategy for new marketing mix To identify issues in current marketing mix for customer satisfaction What is the importance of marketing mix for Nike? Why customer satisfaction is essential for business development? What are the key factors influence the marketing mix and customer satisfaction? According to Huang and Sarigll, (2014), marketing mix refers to the set of actions or tactics that a company uses for promoting the products, services and brand in the market. The major marketing mix elements involve price, place, promotion, product, process, people and physical environment. The top management or the marketing team of organization analyze the marketing mix attributes and develop the strategy to improve the effectiveness of these marketing mixes to influence the decisions of buyers. The product and prices are primary functions of the marketing mix as the company need to design and develop products according to needs of target customers and set optimum prices that help to gain the competitive advantage. Additionally, the promotional activities of company support to create the awareness about the products and services and set the appeal to increase the sales (Huang, and Sarigll, 2014). For promotion company uses social and print media, direct marketing and promotional p ricing. The place and people are playing a vital role to influence customer satisfaction as easy availability of products in market increases the brand effectiveness and information provided by employees support to make the decision of the customer to buy the products. Huang, and Sarigll have added that physical environment and process of selling also help to engage the customers. The organizations are using the online selling method for processing the order and offering the products. The interiors and environment of stores also aid organization to increase the satisfaction level of customers. Factors of customer satisfaction There are various factors that have a significant impact on the customer satisfaction level. As per the views of Pavlou, and Stewart, (2015), the key factors that considered for analyzing and increasing the customer satisfaction involve accessibility, customer interaction level, convenience, customized approach, trust and choices. However, the leading organizations are developing the products and promotional activities by focusing these factors but changes in the market trends and improvement in the competition level influence the customer satisfaction level. In the current scenario, there are various organizations that offering similar kind of products at lower prices that affect the brand stickiness and choices of the customer. The high accessibility is essential for an organization to attract the customer and engage them in buying the certain products offered by them. In spite of that, past experience with organization and response from the staff members to make the choices also p lay a vital role in the improvement of customer satisfaction (Pavlou and Stewart, 2015). By having concern over these elements, the organizations could be able to maintain the constructive relationship with the customer and meet their satisfaction level. To maintain the effective marketing mix strategy, organizations have to face different issues. Hanssens (2014) has analyzed that, ethical pricing and promotion are affecting the activities of marketing and shaping the decisions of the customer to choose a particular brand. The customer demands high-quality products at optimum cost but the organizations are seeking for higher profitability. This kind of approach is affecting marketing functions and customer satisfaction level. If there is the monopoly of the organization in the market then the satisfaction level of the customer will be low. In addition to this, the false information that is provided by the organization to promote the products and services also affect the marketing strategy and performance of the organization in existing market (Hanssens and et al., 2014). Research methodology is an essential element of study that helps to maintain a systematic approach to solving the problem and meet the objectives. The research methodology is useful for readers to understand the manners in which the study has been conducted and identify the techniques were applied. The current research methodology is framed from the topic Marketing Mix of customer satisfaction on Nike. The major elements of current research methodology involve research methodology, research approach, data collection, sampling and data analysis. The research philosophies provided the ground for handling different directions of a study and for those three types of philosophies are used such as interpretive, positivism and realism philosophy. For the current research, positivism research philosophy that involves factual data that collected through observation and lead to the statistical analysis. The research philosophy will be helpful for the researcher to maintain the independent flow of study without any interaction with the human (Taylor and et al., 2015). This kind of research philosophy will be beneficial for explain and predict the marketing mix for Nike to improve marketing effectiveness. Research approach For managing the data and achieve the defined goals and objectives the research approaches plays a critical role. There are two types of research approaches are used that involve inductive and deductive. For the current research, the research will use deductive research approach to confirm the marketing mix theories on the basis of collected data (Lewis, 2015). In this context of the deductive approach, the research will analyze satisfaction level of the customer through marketing mix of Nike considering the secondary and primary data. The collection and comparison of both will help to draw an effective conclusion. The survey strategy will be used for collecting data and meeting the objectives of the research. In this approach, the researcher will design and develop a questionnaire and offer to the selected sample size to collect their views (Flick, 2015). The kind of strategy will help to improve the effectiveness of research and eliminate the risk of biases from the study. In order to manage the desired output and maintain the effective flow of research, the researcher needs to segment the study. For that three methods have been used such as qualitative, quantitative and mixed. For the current study of Marketing mix of customer satisfaction on Nike the researcher will use the quantitative method. According to this method, the researcher will collect statistical and numerical data using the survey and questionnaire method which will be done by using the primary data collection process (Silverman, 2016). This kind research type will improve the reliability and maintain the validity of research. The research could follow either descriptive or exploratory design for managing data and proving the desired objectives. For the current research, the researcher will use descriptive research design that will help to develop a new theory about the impact of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction level of Nike. Moreover, the research is based on quantitative data hence it is essential to use the descriptive research design to identify the facts (Palinkas and et al., 2015). For the study, the researcher will use cross-sectional approach for recording the information about the satisfaction level of customer considering the effectiveness of marketing mix. By using the cross-sectional time horizon, the researcher will analyze and compare the data collected from the different population groups. Moreover, by using this technique the data will be gathered using the survey method (Smith, 2015). Data collection is an important aspect of research that influences the finding and objectives. There are two types of data collection methods have been used such as primary and secondary. For the current research, the researcher will collect data through primary method. For that, the researcher will design a questionnaire and collected the data from the people. The survey question will be designed in a simple manner that will be easy o understand. The survey will be conducted using online method of distribution of questionnaire and collecting the views (Gelman and et al., 2014). This will be cost and time effective. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS tool. For managing the data of primary research and maintaining the reliability of analysis SPSS tool is widely used. To analyze the data, the researcher will import the data into excel of SPSS. Additionally, the graph and pie charts also used for presentation of data (Kratochwill, 2015). This kind of statistical data analysis will encourage the validity and reliability. Plan and procedure The research will be helpful for analyzing the importance of marketing mix for managing the customer satisfaction of Nike. By considering the results the management of the company will be able to make changes in the marketing mix to achieve the better outcome. By undertaking the research, the impact of the marketing mix on the customer satisfaction level will be identified and highlight the key factors that have a significant impact on the marketing approach of Nike. The analysis of marketing mix will help to develop new theories and strategies to improve satisfaction level of customers. There will be some limitations that will influence the outcome of research. The major limitation of research will be proper management of time and lack of understanding of the research standards. I have to learn more about research planning and utilization of tools and services that will overcome the issues related to consideration of data and management of time. Work Schedule Activities/ time frame Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Introduction Literature review Research methodology Development of questionnaire Data collection Data analysis Finding and conclusion Recommendation Table 1: Gantt chart The research will be completed within five weeks. According to schedule, the researcher will develop the objective and research background by focusing on the secondary data to develop a strong literature review. In the next week, the researcher will develop a questionnaire and collect the primary data by using the primary data collection approach. The data will be analyzed in the 4th week using the SPSS tool. In the last week, the researcher will develop finding and conclusion on the basis of data analysis and provide recommendations for further improvement in the marketing mix of Nike to encourage the customer satisfaction. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S., Dunson, D.B., Vehtari, A. and Rubin, D.B., 2014.Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL: CRC press. 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